What is chickenpox (varicella)?
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is most common in children but can affect people of any age. The infection leads to an itchy, blistering rash along with flu-like symptoms such as fever, tiredness, and body aches.
Although chickenpox is usually mild in children, it can be more severe in adults, pregnant women, or people with weakened immune systems. Chickenpox is generally self-limiting, but complications such as secondary skin infection or pneumonia can occur in some cases.
What causes chickenpox?
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
Transmission:
- Direct contact with the fluid from blisters
- Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
- Contagious 1–2 days before the rash appears until all blisters have crusted over
Risk factors:
- Lack of prior immunity (never had chickenpox or vaccination)
- Living in close-contact environments, such as schools or households
What are the common symptoms of chickenpox?
You may notice:
- Red spots that quickly develop into fluid-filled blisters
- Intense itching
- Fever, fatigue, or general malaise
- Loss of appetite
- Headache or muscle aches
The rash usually starts on the face, chest, and back before spreading to the rest of the body. New blisters can continue to appear over 3–5 days.
How is chickenpox diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually based on:
- Medical history (recent exposure, vaccination status)
- Characteristic rash pattern
- Symptom history (fever, malaise, itching)
Online GP consultation is suitable for most mild cases. In-person assessment is recommended if the rash is severe, complications are suspected, or the patient is an adult or pregnant.
How long does chickenpox last?
- Mild cases: 5–7 days
- Moderate to severe cases: Up to 2 weeks
- Recovery may take longer if complications develop
Is chickenpox contagious?
Yes. Chickenpox is highly contagious until all blisters have crusted over.
How to feel better and recover quickly
Self-care at home:
- Apply calamine lotion or cool compresses to reduce itching
- Keep nails trimmed to prevent secondary infection
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid scratching and tight clothing
Treatment from a GP:
- Antihistamines for severe itching
- Antiviral medication for adults, pregnant women, or immunocompromised patients
- Pain relief and fever management with paracetamol
When referral is needed:
- Severe rash with blistering
- High fever or secondary bacterial infection
- Pregnancy or underlying immune suppression
When to seek urgent medical help
Seek urgent medical attention in A&E if:
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing develops
- Signs of infection, such as pus or spreading redness
- Severe pain or neurological symptoms
- Rash appears in pregnancy with complications
How Dr.Online UK can help
We offer:
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Assessment, advice, and monitoring of chickenpox
- Prescriptions for antivirals, antihistamines, and supportive treatment
- Referral to specialist care if complications occur
