Introduction
Colds and flu are common viral infections that affect the nose, throat, and airways. Cold symptoms tend to develop gradually and are usually mild, while flu (influenza) often starts suddenly and can cause fever, chills, muscle aches, and significant fatigue.
Most people recover at home, but these infections can disrupt work, school, and daily life. If you are unsure how to manage your symptoms or need treatment, our UK-registered GPs at Dr.Online UK are here to help.
Colds are usually caused by rhinoviruses and lead to congestion, runny nose, and sore throat.
- Flu (influenza) is caused by influenza A or B viruses and generally produces more intense symptoms such as fever, body aches, and exhaustion.
- Both conditions spread easily through coughs, sneezes, and contact with contaminated surfaces.
What Causes Cold and Flu?
Colds and flu are caused by viruses. They spread through:
- Close contact with infected individuals
- Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
- Contaminated surfaces, such as door handles or shared objects
Age-specific causes:
- Children are more frequently affected due to close contact in schools or nurseries.
What Are the Common Symptoms of Cold and Flu?
- Blocked or runny nose
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Fever (more common with flu)
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue
- Chills
- Loss of appetite
How Is Cold and Flu Diagnosed?
- Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms.
- During an online GP consultation, we can:
- Assess your symptoms and risk factors
- Review breathing difficulties and general well-being
- Provide treatment advice or prescriptions if needed
- An in-person assessment may be required if you have:
- Persistent high fever
- Shortness of breath
- Suspected pneumonia
- Need for physical examination
How Long Does Cold and Flu Last?
- Common cold: 7–10 days
- Flu: 1–2 weeks, depending on severity
- Recovery can vary based on age, underlying health conditions, and immune response.
Is Cold and Flu Contagious?
Yes. Both cold and flu are highly contagious. To reduce transmission:
- Wash hands regularly
- Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
- Avoid close contact with vulnerable individuals if symptomatic
How to Feel Better and Recover Quickly
Self-Care at Home
- Rest and stay hydrated
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and pain
- Use saline sprays for congestion
- Try honey and lemon drinks (not for infants under 1)
- Over-the-counter cold and flu remedies may be used as appropriate
- Note: Antibiotics do not treat viral infections
Treatment from a GP
- Antiviral medication (e.g., oseltamivir – Tamiflu) may be recommended in specific situations, especially if started within 48 hours of flu symptoms.
- Suitable for:
- Pregnant individuals
- People over 65
- Those with chronic conditions (asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart disease)
- Immunocompromised individuals
- Residents in care homes
- High-risk exposures or severe symptoms
- GPs can also prescribe inhalers for asthma/COPD flare-ups and fit notes for work or study
When Referral Is Needed
- Persistent symptoms beyond a week
- Difficulty breathing
- Suspected pneumonia
- Symptoms worsening despite care
When to Seek Urgent Medical Help
Seek urgent care or A&E if you have:
- Severe breathlessness or difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Confusion, drowsiness, or difficulty waking
- Severe dehydration
- Rash that doesn’t fade with pressure
- Fever lasting more than 5 days
- Rapidly worsening symptoms
Call 999 for life-threatening situations.
How Dr.Online UK Can Help
We provide:
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Expert assessment and guidance
- Private prescriptions, including antivirals when appropriate
- Fit notes or referral letters
- Clear advice on whether in-person care is required
