Index
What are cold sores?
Cold sores are a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). They result in small, painful blisters around the lips or mouth and are extremely common. After initial infection, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate, causing recurrent cold sores.
Cold sores are highly contagious when active blisters are present and can significantly impact comfort and social interactions.
What causes cold sores?
- Primary infection with HSV-1
- Reactivation triggered by stress, illness, fatigue, hormonal changes, or sun exposure
What are the common symptoms of cold sores?
You may notice:
- Tingling, burning, or itching before blisters appear
- Small clusters of fluid-filled blisters around the lips or mouth
- Blisters that rupture, crust over, and heal within 7–10 days
- Occasionally mild fever or swollen glands during first infection
How are cold sores diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually clinical:
- Characteristic blister pattern
- Symptom history including tingling or burning before appearance
Online GP consultation is suitable for discussing symptoms, prescribing antiviral therapy, and giving advice to prevent transmission.
How long do cold sores last?
- Typically 7–10 days for each outbreak
- Recurrent episodes can occur intermittently throughout life
Are cold sores contagious?
Yes. HSV-1 can spread via:
- Direct contact with active blisters
- Saliva or kissing
- Sharing utensils, towels, or lip products
How to feel better and recover quickly
Self-care at Home:
- Keep the affected area clean and dry
- Avoid picking at blisters
- Use protective creams or cold compresses
Treatment from a GP:
- Topical antiviral creams
- Oral antivirals for severe or frequent outbreaks
- Advice on trigger avoidance
When Referral is Needed:
- Immunocompromised patients
- Severe, widespread, or unusually persistent outbreaks
When to seek urgent medical help
Seek urgent medical attention in A&E if:
- Blisters spread to eyes
- Fever, confusion, or systemic symptoms develop
- Infection appears severe or fails to heal
How Dr.Online UK can help
We offer:
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Assessment, diagnosis, and antiviral prescriptions
- Advice on preventing recurrence and transmission
- Referral to specialist care if necessary
