Index
What is Constipation?
Constipation is when bowel movements become infrequent or difficult, often causing hard, dry stools. It can affect anyone at any age and may cause discomfort, bloating, or straining.
Most cases are mild and temporary, but persistent constipation can affect quality of life and may indicate an underlying condition.
What Causes Constipation?
Lifestyle Factors
- Low fibre diet
- Inadequate fluid intake
- Lack of physical activity
- Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
Medical Causes
- Certain medications (e.g., opioids, antacids, iron supplements)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Hypothyroidism
- Neurological conditions affecting the bowel
Other Causes
- Pregnancy
- Age-related slowing of the digestive system
What Are the Common Symptoms of Constipation?
- Infrequent bowel movements (less than three per week)
- Hard or lumpy stools
- Straining during bowel movements
- Feeling of incomplete emptying
- Abdominal discomfort or bloating
How Is Constipation Diagnosed?
A GP will ask about bowel habits, diet, medications, and medical history.
During an online consultation, a GP can:
- Assess symptom severity
- Suggest dietary and lifestyle changes
- Prescribe laxatives or stool softeners if appropriate
In-person assessment may include:
- Abdominal examination
- Blood tests to check thyroid or electrolyte levels
- Imaging (rarely) if obstruction or other complications suspected
How Long Does Constipation Last?
- Acute constipation: a few days to a couple of weeks, often resolving with lifestyle changes
- Chronic constipation: symptoms persist for months, may need ongoing management
How to Feel Better and Recover Quickly
Self-Care at Home
- Increase fibre intake (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
- Drink plenty of water
- Exercise regularly
- Respond promptly to the urge to defecate
Treatment from a GP
- Laxatives (bulk-forming, osmotic, or stimulant depending on cause)
- Stool softeners
- Medication review if drugs contribute to constipation
When Referral Is Needed
- Persistent constipation despite treatment
- Blood in stools or unexplained weight loss
- Severe abdominal pain or suspected bowel obstruction
When to Seek Urgent Medical Help
Go to A&E if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Blood in stools
- Signs of bowel obstruction (no bowel movement or gas for several days with pain)
Use urgent care if:
- Symptoms are worsening
- Constipation is causing significant discomfort or complications
How Dr.Online UK Can Help
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Advice and reassurance
- Private prescriptions for laxatives or other treatments
- Fit notes or referral letters if needed
