Fungal Nail Infection

Book a consultation

What is fungal nail infection (onychomycosis)?

Fungal nail infection, also called onychomycosis or stroke nail, is a common condition where fungi infect the fingernails or toenails. It can cause thickened, discoloured, and brittle nails, sometimes leading to pain or difficulty walking.

The condition is more common in older adults, people with diabetes, athletes, or those with frequent exposure to moist environments. It is generally not dangerous but can impact nail appearance and comfort.

What causes fungal nail infection?

• Dermatophyte fungi (most common), yeast, or mould species
• Fungi enter through small cracks or damage to the nail
• Warm, damp environments such as sweaty shoes or communal showers
• Compromised immunity or circulation problems increase risk

Common triggers:

• Trauma to the nail
• Frequent use of occlusive footwear
• Swimming pools, gyms, or communal showers
• Pre-existing skin fungal infections

What are the common symptoms of fungal nail infection?

You may notice:

• Nail thickening and discolouration (yellow, brown, or white)
• Crumbling or brittle edges
• Pain or discomfort when pressure is applied
• Nail lifting from the nail bed (onycholysis)
• Slow nail growth and difficulty trimming

How is fungal nail infection diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on:

• Clinical examination of nail appearance
• History of risk factors or previous infections
• Nail clippings may be sent for fungal culture if uncertain

Online GP consultations are suitable for discussion, initial assessment, and prescribing oral or topical treatment. In-person review may be required if:

• Diagnosis is unclear
• Infection is severe, widespread, or affecting multiple nails
• Treatment is not effective

How long does fungal nail infection last?

• Toenails: several months to a year for complete resolution
• Fingernails: 4–6 months to heal fully
• Untreated nails can remain thickened and discoloured indefinitely

Is fungal nail infection contagious?

Yes, through:

• Direct contact with infected nails
• Shared footwear, socks, or nail grooming instruments

How to feel better and recover quickly

Self-care at Home:

• Keep nails trimmed, clean, and dry
• Change socks and shoes regularly
• Avoid sharing personal items
• Maintain good foot hygiene

Treatment from a GP:

• Topical antifungal nail lacquers for mild infection
• Oral antifungal tablets for more severe or resistant cases
• Advice on footwear, hygiene, and preventing reinfection

When Referral is Needed:

• Severe, resistant, or painful infections
• Patients with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or immune suppression
• Recurrent infections despite treatment

When to seek urgent medical help

Seek urgent medical attention in A&E if:

• Rapid onset swelling, redness, or pain suggesting secondary bacterial infection
• Systemic symptoms such as fever

Seek same-day GP care if:

• Nail infection is worsening or spreading
• Difficulty walking due to thickened toenails

How Dr.Online UK can help

We offer:

• Same-day online GP appointments
• Assessment, diagnosis, and prescription of antifungal treatment
• Advice on nail care and prevention of reinfection
• Referral to podiatry or dermatology if required

Book a consultation