Index
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
IBS is a long-term condition affecting how the bowel works. It causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, and constipation. It does not damage the bowel but can significantly affect daily life.
IBS is common and affects adults of all ages. Symptoms often come and go and may be triggered by food, stress, or illness.
What Causes IBS?
There is no single cause, but several factors may contribute:
Digestive Tract Sensitivity
- Gut is more reactive to stretching and movement
- Pain is felt more intensely
Gut–Brain Interaction
- Stress, anxiety, or mood changes affecting bowel function
Other Contributing Factors
- Food intolerances
- After an infection (post-infectious IBS)
- Hormonal changes (common in women)
- Altered gut bacteria
What Are the Common Symptoms of IBS?
- Abdominal pain or cramping (often relieved after a bowel movement)
- Bloating
- Diarrhoea, constipation, or both
- Excess gas
- Mucus in stools
- Symptoms linked to stress or certain foods
How Is IBS Diagnosed?
A GP will ask about symptoms, duration, bowel habits, triggers, and medical history.
During an online consultation, a GP can:
- Assess whether symptoms fit IBS criteria
- Discuss diet, stress, and lifestyle triggers
- Recommend treatment options
An in-person assessment may include:
- Blood tests
- Coeliac screening
- Stool tests (to rule out inflammation or infection)
- Further tests only if symptoms are atypical or concerning
How Long Does IBS Last?
IBS is a chronic condition. Symptoms may:
- Come and go over months or years
- Improve with diet and lifestyle changes
- Flare during stress, illness, or dietary triggers
Is IBS Contagious?
No. IBS cannot be passed from person to person.
How to Feel Better and Recover Quickly
Self-Care at Home
- Keep a food and symptom diary
- Try a regular meal routine
- Reduce caffeine, spicy foods, and fatty foods
- Consider limiting lactose or artificial sweeteners
- Increase physical activity
- Manage stress (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness)
Treatment from a GP
- Antispasmodics for cramping
- Laxatives for constipation
- Anti-diarrhoeal medication
- Low-dose antidepressants to reduce gut sensitivity
- Advice on the low FODMAP diet where appropriate
When Referral Is Needed
- Symptoms not improving
- Diagnostic uncertainty
- Need for dietitian support
- Red flag symptoms requiring specialist review
When to Seek Urgent Medical Help
Go to A&E if you develop:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blood in stools
- Persistent fever
- Severe abdominal pain
- Vomiting that won’t stop
- Symptoms that change suddenly or rapidly worsen
Use urgent care if:
- Symptoms last >4 weeks and worsen
- You are unable to manage symptoms at home
How Dr.Online UK Can Help
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Advice and reassurance about symptoms
- Private prescriptions for medication if appropriate
- Fit notes or referral letters
- Dietary and lifestyle guidance
