What is Sinusitis?
Sinusitis is inflammation of the small air-filled spaces behind your cheeks, forehead and eyes, called the sinuses. It happens when the lining of these spaces becomes swollen, often after a viral infection like a cold or flu. This swelling blocks normal mucus drainage, causing pressure, pain and congestion.
Sinusitis can affect anyone but is more common after colds, allergies or structural problems such as nasal polyps or a deviated septum. Most people recover at home within a few days to a couple of weeks.
What Causes Sinusitis?
Most cases are viral, but bacteria can sometimes be responsible, especially if symptoms last longer or worsen. Other factors can increase risk.
Viral Causes
- Often follows a cold or flu
- Usually improves without antibiotics
Bacterial Causes
- Less common, may occur if symptoms persist more than 10 days, worsen after initial improvement or become severe
- May require antibiotic treatment
Other Risk Factors
- Allergies
- Smoking
- Nasal polyps
- Chronic nasal congestion
What Are the Common Symptoms of Sinusitis?
- Blocked or stuffy nose
- Facial pain or pressure (forehead, cheeks, around the eyes)
- Thick nasal discharge (yellow or green)
- Reduced or lost sense of smell
- Toothache or upper jaw pain
- Headache
- Fever
- Bad breath
- Postnasal drip
- Cough, especially at night
- Ear pressure or fullness
- Fatigue
Children may also have irritability, difficulty feeding or persistent cough.
How Is Sinusitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and medical history.
During an online GP consultation we can:
- Assess your symptoms and risk factors
- Differentiate between viral and possible bacterial sinusitis
- Advise whether antibiotics are appropriate
- Suggest effective self-care treatments
- Provide prescriptions if needed
- Discuss whether an in-person examination or imaging is necessary
You may need to be seen in person if symptoms are severe, persistent, or associated with eye swelling, vision changes or high fever.
How Long Does Sinusitis Last?
- Viral sinusitis usually resolves within 7 to 14 days
- Bacterial sinusitis may last longer but generally improves within a few days of starting antibiotics
- Recovery can be slower if you have allergies, chronic congestion or weakened immunity
Is Sinusitis Contagious?
Yes, viral sinusitis can spread through close contact and respiratory droplets.
To reduce risk:
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoid sharing drinks or utensils
- Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing
How to Feel Better and Recover Quickly
Self-Care at Home
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain or fever
- Use saline nasal sprays or rinses
- Try steam inhalation or warm facial compresses
- Use decongestants short-term only
- Menthol or eucalyptus inhalation may help
- Avoid smoking and irritants
- Sleep with your head slightly raised
Treatment from a GP
A GP may offer:
- Antibiotics if bacterial infection is likely
- Steroid nasal sprays for inflammation
- Antihistamines if allergies contribute
- Fit notes for work or study
- Advice on symptom management
- Guidance on whether an in-person assessment is needed
When Referral Is Needed
You may need ENT or specialist assessment if:
- Symptoms last more than 12 weeks (chronic sinusitis)
- You have frequent or recurring episodes
- Symptoms return after treatment
- You develop swelling around the eyes
- Structural issues such as nasal polyps or deviation are suspected
- Pain, fever or symptoms become severe
When to Seek Urgent Medical Help
Go to A&E or seek urgent care if you have:
- Severe facial pain or swelling
- Swelling or redness around the eyes
- Vision changes
- Severe headache with fever
- Neck stiffness
- Difficulty breathing
- Confusion or drowsiness
- Symptoms lasting more than 3 weeks despite treatment
- Rapidly worsening symptoms
- Very high fever
Call 999 if symptoms are severe or life-threatening.
How Dr.Online UK Can Help
We offer:
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Expert assessment and guidance
- Private prescriptions, including antibiotics when clinically appropriate
- Fit notes or referral letters
Clear advice on whether you need in-person care
