What is Tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which sit at the back of your throat and help your body fight infections. It can affect both children and adults, though it is most common in younger people. It matters because it can cause a painful sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and occasionally lead to complications such as a peritonsillar abscess.
What Causes Tonsillitis?
Most cases are caused by viruses. A smaller number are due to bacteria.
Viral Causes
- Common viruses like adenovirus, enterovirus and Epstein–Barr virus
- Usually settles on its own without antibiotics
Bacterial Causes
- Most commonly Group A Streptococcus (strep throat)
- May require antibiotic treatment
Tonsillitis spreads easily through coughing, sneezing, saliva and close contact.
What Are the Common Symptoms of Tonsillitis?
- Sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Red or swollen tonsils
- White or yellow spots on the tonsils
- Fever
- Headache
- Ear pain
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Bad breath
- Tiredness
- Loss of appetite
Children may also have stomach pain or mild nausea.
How Is Tonsillitis Diagnosed?
A GP will ask about your symptoms and may examine your throat if seen in person.
During an online appointment we can:
- Assess symptoms and risk factors
- Help decide if the cause is likely viral or bacterial
- Advise whether antibiotics are needed
- Offer treatment advice or a prescription
- Arrange an in-person review if symptoms are severe or not improving
You may need to be seen in person if you have severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, persistent high fever or symptoms suggesting a peritonsillar abscess (quinsy).
How Long Does Tonsillitis Last?
- Viral tonsillitis often settles within 3 to 5 days
- Bacterial tonsillitis usually improves within 48 hours of starting antibiotics
- Recovery may take longer if you are run down, dehydrated or have recurrent infections
Is Tonsillitis Contagious?
Yes. It spreads through saliva droplets, shared utensils and close contact.
To reduce the risk of spreading it:
- Wash hands regularly
- Avoid sharing drinks or cutlery
- Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing
- Stay off work or school until your fever settles or for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics (if bacterial)
How to Feel Better and Recover Quickly
Self-Care at Home
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain and fever
- Try warm saltwater gargles
- Use throat lozenges or sprays
- Eat soft or cool foods
- Avoid smoking and smoky environments
Treatment from a GP
A GP may offer:
- Antibiotics if a bacterial infection is likely
- Steroids in severe cases to reduce swelling and pain
- Fit notes for work or study
- Advice on managing symptoms
- Guidance on whether you need an in-person examination
When Referral Is Needed
You may be referred to an ENT specialist if:
- You have recurrent tonsillitis (5 to 7 episodes per year)
- Your symptoms last longer than one week
- You have severe one-sided throat pain
- Breathing or swallowing becomes difficult
- A peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) is suspected
When to Seek Urgent Medical Help
Go to A&E or seek urgent care if you have:
- Severe difficulty swallowing, especially saliva
- Breathing problems
- A muffled or “hot potato” voice
- Severe neck stiffness
- Dehydration
- Drooling
- Fever lasting more than 5 days
- Symptoms that are rapidly worsening
- Severe pain on one side of the throat (possible quinsy)
Call 999 if symptoms are severe or life-threatening.
How Dr.Online UK Can Help
We offer:
- Same-day online GP appointments
- Expert assessment and reassurance
- Private prescriptions, including antibiotics when appropriate
- Fit notes or referral letters
- Clear guidance on whether you need in-person care
